Lecture 2:- Conditional Statements

Conditional statements, also known as control structures, are fundamental constructs in programming that allow you to make decisions based on certain conditions. They control the flow of the program by executing different code blocks depending on whether a specified condition evaluates to true or false. The most common types of conditional statements are:

If Statement: It executes a block of code if the given condition is true.

python

if condition: # Code block to execute if the condition is true

cpp

if (condition) { // Code block to execute if the condition is true }

If-Else Statement: It executes one block of code if the condition is true and a different block if the condition is false.

python

if condition: # Code block to execute if the condition is true else: # Code block to execute if the condition is false

cpp

if (condition) { // Code block to execute if the condition is true } else { // Code block to execute if the condition is false }

If-Else If-Else Statement: It allows you to check multiple conditions and execute the corresponding block based on the first true condition. If none of the conditions are true, the else block will be executed (optional).

python

if condition1: # Code block to execute if condition1 is true elif condition2: # Code block to execute if condition1 is false and condition2 is true else: # Code block to execute if all conditions are false (optional)

cpp

if (condition1) { // Code block to execute if condition1 is true } else if (condition2) { // Code block to execute if condition1 is false and condition2 is true } else { // Code block to execute if all conditions are false (optional) }

Conditional statements are widely used to create logic in programs, such as handling user input, making decisions based on calculations, or executing different actions based on certain conditions. The conditions in these statements can be simple (e.g., comparing two numbers) or complex (e.g., combining multiple conditions using logical operators like AND, OR). Mastering conditional statements is essential for writing efficient and effective programs.