Lecture 3:- Conditional Statements - Continue

Let's continue exploring conditional statements and introduce some additional concepts.

Nested If-Else Statements: You can use conditional statements inside other conditional statements, creating nested structures. This allows you to check multiple conditions in a more complex way.

if condition1: if condition2: # Code block to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are true else: # Code block to execute if condition1 is true and condition2 is false else: # Code block to execute if condition1 is false

if (condition1) { if (condition2) { // Code block to execute if both condition1 and condition2 are true } else { // Code block to execute if condition1 is true and condition2 is false } } else { // Code block to execute if condition1 is false }

Ternary Operator: In many programming languages, including Python and C++, you can use the ternary operator, which provides a concise way to write simple if-else statements in a single line.

result = true_value if condition else false_value

result = condition ? true_value : false_value;

The result variable will be assigned true_value if the condition is true, and false_value if the condition is false.

Switch Statement (C++ only): The switch statement is a multi-branch statement used in C++. It allows you to choose from multiple alternatives based on the value of an expression.

switch (expression) { case value1: // Code block to execute if expression equals value1 break; case value2: // Code block to execute if expression equals value2 break; // more cases... default: // Code block to execute if expression doesn't match any case }

Short-Circuit Evaluation: In some programming languages (e.g., Python, C++), the && (AND) and || (OR) logical operators use short-circuit evaluation. This means that the second operand is not evaluated if the result can be determined by the first operand. For example:

if (x != 0 && y / x > 2) { // Code block }

In this case, if x is equal to 0, the expression y / x will not be evaluated, preventing a division by zero error.

These are some additional aspects of conditional statements that can be helpful in different programming scenarios. Understanding how to use conditional statements effectively is crucial for creating robust and flexible programs that can handle various situations based on specific conditions. As you progress in programming, you'll encounter more complex problems and will need to apply these concepts to solve them. Happy coding!