Lecture 9:- Undoing changes in Git

In Git, you can undo changes in various ways, depending on the situation and the extent of the changes you want to undo. Here are some common scenarios and the corresponding commands to undo changes:

Undoing Uncommitted Changes in the Working Directory: If you have made changes to your files but have not yet committed them, you can discard those changes and revert to the last committed state using the following command:

This will reset all the changes in the working directory to the state of the last commit.

Unstaging Files from the Staging Area: If you have added some files to the staging area but want to remove them without losing the changes in the working directory, you can use the following command:

Replace <file-name> with the name of the file you want to unstage. This command will remove the file from the staging area, but the changes will still be present in the working directory.

Undoing the Last Commit (without losing changes): If you made a commit but realize you need to make some changes before committing again, you can undo the last commit without losing the changes using the following commands:

This will undo the last commit while keeping the changes in the working directory. You can now modify your files as needed and create a new commit.

Undoing the Last Commit (and discarding changes): If you want to completely remove the last commit and discard all the changes introduced by that commit, you can use the following command:

This command will reset both the staging area and the working directory to the state of the previous commit, effectively discarding the changes introduced by the last commit.

Undoing Specific Commits: If you want to undo changes introduced by specific commits, you can use the git revert command. It creates a new commit that undoes the changes introduced by the specified commit(s). For example:

Replace <commit-hash> with the hash of the commit you want to revert. You can specify multiple commits to revert changes from multiple commits.

Remember that undoing changes in Git can have permanent consequences, especially when using commands like git reset --hard. Always make sure you understand the implications of the commands you're using and have proper backups before performing any irreversible actions.

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git revert <commit-hash>

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git reset --hard HEAD^

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git reset HEAD^

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git reset HEAD <file-name>

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git checkout -- .