Memory Structure of a Program in C Language

In C language, a program's memory is divided into several different regions, each with a specific purpose. Here's a brief overview of the main regions:

Stack: The stack is a region of memory that is used to store local variables and function call frames. When a function is called, a new stack frame is created on the stack to store the function's local variables and the return address. The stack is organized as a Last In First Out (LIFO) structure, meaning the last item pushed onto the stack is the first item to be popped off.

Heap: The heap is a region of memory that is used for dynamic memory allocation. When a program needs to allocate memory dynamically (using functions such as malloc or calloc), the memory is taken from the heap. The heap is not organized in any particular order, and memory blocks can be allocated and deallocated at any time.

Data segment: The data segment is a region of memory that is used to store global and static variables. Global variables are defined outside of any function and are accessible throughout the entire program. Static variables are defined within a function but retain their value between function calls.

Code segment: The code segment is a region of memory that stores the machine code of the program's functions and instructions. The code segment is read-only and cannot be modified at runtime.

BSS segment: (Block Started by Symbol) is a region of memory that is used to store uninitialized global and static variables. The BSS segment is similar to the data segment, but the uninitialized variables stored in the BSS segment are set to zero at program startup.

In addition to these main regions, there are also other regions