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Slicing is a powerful feature in Python that allows you to extract a portion (a subsequence) of a list, tuple, or string based on its index positions. Slicing uses the colon
:
as the separator, and the syntax for slicing issequence[start:stop:step]
, where:
sequence
: The list, tuple, or string from which you want to extract the subsequence.start
: The index of the first element to include in the subsequence (inclusive). If not specified, the default is the beginning of the sequence (index 0).stop
: The index of the first element to exclude from the subsequence (exclusive). The slice stops before this index. If not specified, the default is the end of the sequence.step
: The step size used for the slicing. It determines how many elements to skip between each included element. If not specified, the default step size is 1.Let's see examples of slicing for lists, tuples, and strings:
- Slicing a List:
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my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] # Extract elements from index 2 to index 6 (exclusive) sub_list = my_list[2:6] print(sub_list) # Output: [3, 4, 5, 6] # Extract every second element every_second = my_list[::2] print(every_second) # Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] # Reverse the list reversed_list = my_list[::-1] print(reversed_list) # Output: [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
- Slicing a Tuple:
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my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50) # Extract elements from index 1 to index 4 (exclusive) sub_tuple = my_tuple[1:4] print(sub_tuple) # Output: (20, 30, 40) # Extract every second element every_second = my_tuple[::2] print(every_second) # Output: (10, 30, 50) # Reverse the tuple reversed_tuple = my_tuple[::-1] print(reversed_tuple) # Output: (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)
- Slicing a String:
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my_string = "Hello, World!" # Extract characters from index 2 to index 8 (exclusive) sub_string = my_string[2:8] print(sub_string) # Output: "llo, W" # Extract every second character every_second = my_string[::2] print(every_second) # Output: "Hlo ol!" # Reverse the string reversed_string = my_string[::-1] print(reversed_string) # Output: "!dlroW ,olleH"
Slicing is a versatile feature in Python that allows you to manipulate sequences easily and efficiently. It's a fundamental technique used frequently in data processing and manipulation tasks.
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