To debug your programs using Visual Studio, you can follow these steps:

1. Enable Debugging Mode: Before you start debugging, make sure you have configured your project to enable debugging. When creating a new project, ensure that the "Debug" configuration is selected. If you have an existing project, right-click on the project in the Solution Explorer, select "Properties," and make sure the "Configuration" is set to "Debug."

2. Set Breakpoints: Set breakpoints in your code at the locations where you want the debugger to pause the execution. To set a breakpoint, click on the left margin of the code editor next to the line you want to stop at. A red dot will appear, indicating the breakpoint has been set.

3. Start Debugging: Go to the "Debug" menu and select "Start Debugging" or use the F5 shortcut key. Visual Studio will compile your code with debugging symbols and launch the debugger.

4. Debugging Controls: Once the debugger is running, you can use the following controls to navigate through the code and examine variables:

   - Step Over (F10): Execute the current line of code. If it's a function call, it will step over the function and move to the next line.

   - Step Into (F11): Execute the current line of code. If it's a function call, it will step into the function, allowing you to debug inside the function.

   - Step Out (Shift+F11): Execute the remaining lines of the current function and return to the calling function.

   - Run to Cursor (Ctrl+F10): Run the program until it reaches the line where the cursor is located.

   - Continue (F5): Resume normal execution until the next breakpoint is encountered or the program finishes.

   - Stop Debugging (Shift+F5): Stop the debugger and terminate the program.

5. Inspect Variables: While debugging, you can inspect the values of variables and expressions in the "Watch" window. To open the "Watch" window, go to the "Debug" menu, select "Windows", and choose "Watch" or use the Ctrl+Alt+W shortcut key. In the "Watch" window, you can add variables or expressions to watch their values during debugging.

6. Analyze Call Stack: The "Call Stack" window shows the sequence of function calls that led to the current point in code execution. It allows you to navigate through the call stack and inspect the values of variables at different levels of function calls.

Visual Studio provides powerful debugging features, including advanced breakpoints, watch windows, call stack analysis, and much more. These tools help you analyze and troubleshoot your code effectively.

Remember to refer to the Visual Studio documentation and online resources for additional guidance and support specific to the debugger.

If you encounter any issues or limitations, Visual Studio also supports various debugging extensions and external tools that can enhance the debugging experience for specific scenarios or platforms.