In C++, there are three common methods for parameter passing: pass-by-value, pass-by-reference, and pass-by-pointer. Each method has its own characteristics and affects how data is passed between functions. Here are the details of each parameter passing method:

1. Pass-by-Value:
   • Pass-by-value involves creating a copy of the argument and passing it to the function.
   • The function works with a local copy of the argument, and any modifications made inside the function do not affect the original variable.
   • This method is suitable for small data types or cases where you want to preserve the original value.
   • Changes made to the parameter inside the function are not reflected in the calling code.
   • Syntax: void functionName(Type parameter)
2. Pass-by-Reference:
   • Pass-by-reference allows the function to directly access and modify the original variable by using its memory address.
   • This method is useful when you want to modify the original variable within the function or when dealing with larger data types to avoid unnecessary copying.
   • Changes made to the parameter inside the function are reflected in the calling code.
   • Syntax: void functionName(Type& parameter)
3. Pass-by-Pointer:
   • Pass-by-pointer involves passing the memory address of the variable as a parameter.
   • Similar to pass-by-reference, this method allows the function to modify the original variable by dereferencing the pointer.
   • The function receives a copy of the pointer and can modify the data indirectly through the pointer.
   • Changes made to the parameter inside the function are reflected in the calling code.
   • Syntax: void functionName(Type* parameter)

It's important to note that when using pass-by-reference or pass-by-pointer, you need to ensure that the parameter is not nullptr (in the case of pointers) and that the function does not accidentally modify the value or leave the parameter in an inconsistent state.

When choosing a parameter passing method, consider the requirements of your program, the size and type of data being passed, and whether you need the function to modify the original variable.

It's also worth mentioning that C++ provides additional parameter passing techniques such as pass-by-const-reference, which allows passing large objects efficiently while ensuring they cannot be modified within the function.

Each parameter passing method has its own strengths and use cases, so it's important to understand them and choose the appropriate method based on your specific needs.