Lecture 67 :- Char Arrays & Strings - Class I

let's go through the basics of character arrays and strings in C++.

Character Arrays: A character array is a collection of characters stored in a consecutive block of memory. In C++, you can represent a character array using a null-terminated character sequence, where the last character is '\0' (null character). It indicates the end of the string and helps various string functions determine the end of the string.

Here's how you can declare and initialize a character array in C++:

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#include <iostream> int main() {    // Declaring a character array with a fixed size    char name[20]; // Maximum 19 characters + null character    // Initializing a character array    char message[] = "Hello, World!";    std::cout << "Enter your name: ";    std::cin >> name;    std::cout << "Hello, " << name << "!\n";    std::cout << "Message: " << message << std::endl;    return 0; }

Strings: C++ also provides a string class from the Standard Library that makes working with strings much easier. You can include the <string> header to use the string class.

Here's how you can use the string class in C++:

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#include <iostream> #include <string> int main() {    // Declaring and initializing strings    std::string name = "John Doe";    std::string message("Hello, World!");    // Concatenating strings    std::string greeting = "Hello, " + name + "!";    // Input a string from the user    std::cout << "Enter your name: ";    std::getline(std::cin, name); // Read a line with spaces    // Output the strings    std::cout << greeting << std::endl;    std::cout << "Message: " << message << std::endl;    std::cout << "Name: " << name << std::endl;    // Length of a string    std::cout << "Length of name: " << name.length() << std::endl;    // Accessing individual characters    std::cout << "First character of name: " << name[0] << std::endl;    return 0; }

C++ strings provide many useful member functions for string manipulation, such as length(), append(), substr(), find(), and more. You can explore the C++ string reference for more details on these functions: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/basic_string